Glaucoma Glaucoma is a disease that commonly affects people over 40 years of age and is one of the most common causes of blindness. Although usually associated with older age, glaucoma can develop at any age, including infancy. The basic risk factors of glaucoma include age, heredity, myopia (nearsightedness), general health conditions such as heart disease and stroke, and a higher than normal intraocular pressure (IOP). This increase in intraocular pressure is found in most types of glaucoma and is the main consideration for control of the disease. With glaucoma, early detection and treatment are necessary to retain vision. Treatment Treatment methods may include: eye drops, oral medications, laser, and surgical operations to prevent or reduce any further damage and to decrease the intraocular pressure. Glaucoma must be constantly monitored to ensure proper treatment, and it may become necessary to periodically change from one type of medication to another. There is usually no pain involved with glaucoma which makes it impossible for the patient to recognize it. However, if a person experiences a sudden onset of dull, aching pain over one eye associated with a change in vision, including blurring and haloes (rainbows) around lights, they should seek attention immediately.  Back